Thyroid Conditions

Hyperthyroidism is an overactive thyroid. The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland in the front of the neck. It makes hormones that affect many areas of the body. An overactive thyroid makes too much hormone.

The Thyroid GlandCopyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Causes

Hyperthyroidism may be caused by:

  • Graves disease—the immune system attacks cells of the thyroid gland

  • One or more thyroid nodules

  • Thyroiditis—inflammation of the thyroid

  • Taking too much thyroid hormone

Risk Factors

Things that may increase your chance of hyperthyroidism include:

  • Pregnancy—postpartum thyroiditis (hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism)

  • Family history of Graves disease

  • Certain viral infections

  • Smoking

Symptoms

Symptoms may show once the thyroid becomes more active. They often come on slowly. Examples include:

  • Easily overheated and increased sweating

  • Mood swings, nervousness, restlessness, or irritability

  • Fatigue

  • Heart palpitations or rapid or irregular pulse

  • Shortness of breath

  • Unexplained weight loss despite an increased appetite

  • Problems sleeping

  • Increase in bowel movements/diarrhea

  • Changes or lack of menstrual periods

  • Shaky hands

  • Dry, red eyes

  • Double vision

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about symptoms and past health. A physical exam will be done. Thyroid problems may be suspected. A blood tests will show levels of thyroid hormone. It can also show antibodies if the problems are caused by immune issues. A radioactive iodine uptake test may be done. It can show how well the thyroid is working.

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.

RESOURCES

American Thyroid Association https://www.thyroid.org 

Graves' Disease & Thyroid Foundation https://www.gdatf.org